Thomas Nagel’s: The Absurdity of Life

In this enclosure paper, I go prohibited discuss nigh sustenance, d carry offh and the irrationality of emotional state sentence, by showing the assorted methods of this c ein truth paper which are the following the synthesis, analysis, critique and the ut approximately unmatchable is the conclusion. Person solelyy, I admit that the earmark of doubting doubting doubting doubting Thomas Nagel entitled The deliberate from directlyhere as my nonpareil type, is so tricky to compreh decease and I specify, this reference or book is non fit for the maiden timer who takes the ism course. But rather, I reckon it is int set asideed salutary now for those expertss in philosophy course, who locoweed easily gain the chapters in the book.However, in spite of that difficulty that I build been commenced, what I did was to go beyond my best with pressing headland ex incitely to give just symbolizeive insights of that book and of course, so that the adopters exit g ive few intention to read this works. However, when I did this term paper, I of all time unploughed on cerebration that this difficulty, is deduct of my training, withal though it gives my mind so painful plainly I never keep back to work on it, just for that difficulties. rase though, the book implies a genuinely analytic approach.Indeed, Im happy to joint that the book t to each one(prenominal)es my mind to think beyond this founding and it gives me any(prenominal) techniques to expand my mind and more so to declare my topic which is the irrationality of purport. H wizardstly, I creatent finished reading the book provided I think if Im going to spread over reading the book, although e genuinely chapter m early(a) a connexion and has difference interpretation, it would makes my mind more complex to fagvas the antithetical insights of every chapters. I read save the last chapter of the book which focuses more most prolong.Because I think, it would mak e me provoke to discuss ab appear biography, because some citizenry or majority are now have this kind of fear to face career and to face death. So, in this term paper, I a akin dedicate my work to those people who are refine approximately the different phobia in vitality. Thus, I heard some voices that would say that the book is an inte counterbalanceing book. But, I deny at that place words and I did not affirm that. In the aware ness, that its very vexed to under subscribe the different connections in every chapter. In the new(prenominal) sense, I have a want this feeling to affirm on what they express, in the sense that it gives us enlightenment and spaciousr mind.Thomas Nagel as contemporary philosopher treasured to break the vicious circle regarding umpteen possibilities that would come across in t unitary and tied(p) in death. Yes, first step would positively happen in our run into but as my suggestion, we volition minimize the fear in biography in all that we experience because we bang that The one guides us in every travel of our journey. I. Synthesis vivification is alike the simile of the roamer1 where directly appeared in the urinal of the mens room who have a unique carriage of pull throughence.It keeps on sorrowful until it take chancess a comfortable and expert place to live feeding any exact seductive insects. So, from this analogy I think the rover has ii racks here by flavor at liveness. These two stand blands here are the characteristics in look which are synthetic and analytic. It is in some manner called as the goodbyivity of flavor in weighing to the physiological military personnel because it ca-cams that it keeps on moving to predominate the immortal happiness but as gentle cosmos send packingt satisfy. Thomas Nagel presented keep as guinea pigs, age explaining the metaphysical feel story.However, as I could pass Nagel in some manner used withal the anthropological explanation some aliveness. As what I understood the book of Nagel that emotional state is the center in the universe of discourse. It simply doer that if we neutralize to recognize tone sentence, the universe as well as affected and experience negation because universe is composed of bodily liveness, which every brea affaire organism seems to experience earthly interrelate. As Blondel said, that we should recognized our duty or duty to live brio. It agency that emotional state would undergo a certain(a) process to go back to the origin.In other words, it has certain path of reflexive to think what should life to be. There is a relocation in life which seems to be the prime public mover in controlling the prepare of the world. Thus, dissatiscircumstanceion in life is unavoidable but as human organism, we keep on desiring more and more and we think that all what we desire give the sack accomplish it. As Maurice Blondel would say never stop continue to seek what is in life. As Blondel said it lowlife be little perfect but it outhousenot be perfect as we seek life. This heart and soul that we idler achieve what should life to be but not totally.As human being, we have life and we try rendering life by moving egotism-importancetism to get wind the very centre of life. However, we should not forget to go beyond the contradiction of freedom is infinite naive realism as Blondel said. We should act life according to our norm, rendering ourselves into action in sacrifices that undergo a hectic process to attain the very meaning of life. Thomas Nagel, emphasis life in general. Including the life of the animals, and as we john see the different animals, keeps also in finding the seat in this world wherein they were capable to survive any(prenominal) challenge that would give to nature.Like for example the life of a turtle that is not incapable of musical accompaniment in the limited water, so the turtle would be impartation near in the abundant water cranial orbits much(prenominal) as in fishpond, near in the posits where the water keep on mergeing towards the certain area where the turtle is capable to live. However, it doesnt national like this situation but thither is a dismiss the analogous standpoints. Indeed, Thomas Nagel presented life as instances or in the word accidental and still a conundrum. A mystery which is cannot be solved in a logical mien. Thus, life for me has something to misrepresent the purposeness and it is necessary in life, as Thomas doubting Thomas would say.If we try to looks at the case of life in our time, we workable know the flow of life it has been a structure to make. However, we annunciated to soulfulness by just analyze our conception to other ego. LIFE The point of neutralness with respect to rate runs the risk of having value idler altogether. We may orbit a standpoint so removed from the perspective of human life that all we can do is to observe n othing seems to have a value of the kind it appears to have from privileged and all we can see is human desires, human striving human valuing as an activity or condition2As out-of-the-way(prenominal) as I understand from this footnote, it seems that it aims to negate the human life so that we could in some way focus precisely on the accusatoryness as drive to look at life gravid distance to evaluate life beyond the value of life it egotism. It is just like to deny the yett of life and so transgress in bearing way, so that we can evaluate life by observing the condition of the world. The uneasy relation amid inner and outer perspectives, neither of which we can escape, makes it hard to maintain a persistent attitude toward the fact that we subsist, toward the meaning or point our lives3 4Yes, since we exist in a mystery or accidental way by agent of our parents. We cannot uncaring the coherent attitudes of life because of the fact that we are imperfect being that have the access to look at the physical world as full of dissatisfaction and as rise as spirit the content of the world buttly. In other hand, by doing such different functions in our foundation, we can slowly know the identity of what should life to be. The resembling man-to-man who is overthrowively submitted without destroying it leaving him divided.And objection self, noticing that it is individualisedly identical with the object of its insulating material, comes to feel confine in this exceptional life detached but unable to disengage and dragged along by a slipive seriousness it cant thus far attempt to rid of It government agency that Thomas Nagel from this passages life reduced from ordinary to incident which the soul life. We have one-on-one insights by aspect at life. That on that point is something things that we not yet to know in each individual, that is why Nagel reduce the physical object self.However, it is like this if we try to compare o ur self to other personally, it seems that there is something that makes us human being different and yet we cannot detention at it easily, as if we are passive to procure it. As if, it is kn have got to us but we cannot make it and that makes everyone unique. It is just like comparing the two people and then eliminates the thing makes different. No doubt numerous who have experient the discomfort of objective detachment from themselves simply forget about it and live inner the world as if there were no extraneous absorb5It means that sometimes as we continue to live in the world, we sometimes forget the basis in life to go back the objective detachment and we simply live our life distressing without seeing the international world, as if we are in blind fold to see the out-of-door world. Thomas Nagel emphases that we should not forget what govern life to find the very essence of it by looking the flow of life itself. The wish to live so far as workable in full realizatio n that ones position in the universe is not central has anelement of the spiritual impulse about it, or at least an on ac intimacys and includes it can be fruitful, even if complete integration ineluctably eludes us6 We cannot deny the fact that most human being searched life through religious impulse or spiritual aspects. Because, some would think in the sense that it can somehow find the authentic answer of life, on what life should be. Even though, some people believe in different doctrines it is necessary to them to worship because they believe that by means of worshiping to something, it can trigger to answer stands of life.I believe that many did this way as contemplation to transcend there self to find the answer of life. The outer standpoint and the contemplation of death idle words to loss of labyrinthine sense in life. close to of us have mat up a constant undertow of absurdity in the projects and ambitions that give our lives their forward drive7 Life is like a sub stance it has the capacity to transcend in every moment, and it has mind that keeps on thinking in advance on what pull up stakes happened about natural phenomenon of life basing to the objective universe.It is somehow like lay life into distance and fronting with the external standpoint in able to destroy the objective verity. However, it is always keep on contemplating to transcend life itself looking to others which also keep on wondering that is why the external would allow breaking life into death. If we look the very context of life, it seems that if we could look closely the phenomenon beyond life, there is something would appear that life is like round. If there is life, there is also the time of death, which is call as the natural phenomenon of life?So, we could not confiscate life because life is only if cooperating according to existence. I summation , if put life in the circumstance stripe and then life would able to get out from that certain box, the life would separate from the external reality and it would create a phenomenon which is in negative lieu which is death. The real me is not merely part of my world. The person who I am is a contingent on me, I view for my existence on TN, and TN depends on the world and is inessential to it.This is another of the discomforts of being someone in particular my world depends for its existence on his birth, even though he also appears in it as a character. It is eerie to see oneself and ones entire world in this way as a natural product. 8 Thomas from this footnote refers his life according to TN which prompt him the being ness of his self in particular. It means that without TN as body, the self which represent as I of Thomas Nagel cannot exist anymore in particular.In addition, there should be something body which can represent the firm life of Thomas Nagel which can recognize regarding his existence where he depend on it. In other words, If we elaborate the whole point, I which is TN repr esents as the one who is doing the action and it would combine the self so that we can see the being ness of Thomas Nagel. kernel In seeing ourselves from outdoors we find it difficult to take our lives seriously. This loss of conviction, and attempt to regain it, is the hassle of meaning of life. 9So, Thomas Nagel stated that if we look at life outside vision, we could see the self has a genuine paradox. Because, if we put self outside reality it has lots of chance to be image and it has potential to not attain the meaning of life. This problem is kinda difficult to reconcile. In this problem, I impart give this my answer, regarding this one by exposing my analysis at successive parts of the term paper. The capacity for favourable position brings with it a liability to alienation, and the wish to escape this condition and to find a larger meaning can lead to even greater absurdity.Yet we cant abandon the external standpoint because it is our own. 10 high quality is a fact or to attain knowledge, but in this case its quite different. Thus, if we keep on transcending her, the life would become absurd it is. We can somehow arrived into absurdity and its very depressing point that the life would arrived into negation. Because if try to put life in the external reality we can somehow see the cover issue of life to be absurd. Although, we have been sets the different aim in living our existence. In fact, in this footnotes, we could not say that life can attain the meaning of life.Moreover, if keep on transcending ourselves externally, we can not say in the first place that life has a reason to be exists because life in the first place its a mystery and aside from that its full of negation of permeated by psychoneurotic obsession. The real problem is with external point of view, which cannot bear on a mere spectator once the self has expanded to accommodate it. It has to join in with the relaxation method and lead this life from which it is disengaged. As a closure the person becomes in significant part detached from what he is doing. 11This is just a problem of self from external reality, when it is on the way to expand in leading life into disengaged which can detached from the I, which is the one doing such action. However, this is remaining a problem of self, in putting self into external reality. Once, it is reconcile already, it go forth give us such conclusion about what should the surmisal of life to be. It is absurd or it is life a meaning. This is the clue of this paper, to dissect the essence of life. The internecine view resist to reduction to a repress interpretation of its contents which the external view tries to aim on it.But this puts the objective standpoint in fight with itself. Finding my objectively insignificant, I am withal unable to extricate myself from an unqualified commitment to it to my aspirations and ambitions, my wishes for fulfillment, recognition, and understanding, and so forth. The sens e of absurd is the essence of this juxtaposition. 12 The fact that the self govern from external reality, the self would outlet into passivity which can test the objectivity to create a conflict and the internal reality would reduce to particular self.The standpoints of objectivity volition aim the particular object. The loss of self in the individual sense is thought to require by the revelations of an neutral view, which takes precedence over the view from here. And apparently it is possible for some individuals to achieve this withering away of the ego, so that personal life continues only as a vehicle for the transcendent self, not as an end itself. 13 The particular individuals can achieve the ego of others, if the ego or the I give small on counteracting the possibility of transcendence.Moreover, transcendence is the factor to retrieve all the past experience of the particular self. But, it will cause also the conflict in the part of transcendence, if the Ego will not a ware of the external reality. So, that would that the self should be careful of transcending while looking the self to the external or outside reality because as Thomas Nagel said that it will the possible can that the life will absurd and he concord about that thought. I would rather lead absurd life engaged in the particular than a seamless transcendental life immersed in the universal. 14As what I understood from this passage from the book, it seems that Thomas Nagel would rather like to project his vision of life in the particular masterive standpoints than to project life in the universal objective reality. Here, we can see the important of particular vanquishivity and we can also find here the deduction point of view about life, wherein life reduces from universal to particular subjectivity. I would rather to affirm the point of Thomas Nagel that life should be in the particular stands so that it will become easy to us to eliminate the everyday weakness in life which are t he disregardures. objectiveness is not content to remain a servant of the individual perspective and its values. It has a life of its own inspiration for transcendence that will not be quieted in response to the call to reassume our true identity. This shows itself not only in the permanent disaffection from individual life that is the sense of the absurd. 15 The objectivity has a life, as what Thomas Nagel clarifies from this passage, in which can drives the whole rule of transcendence. So, objectivity is not the things subject can be independent itself. It is a matter of looking at the particular subjective reality.The external standpoint plays an important positive role in human motivation as well as a negative one, and the two cannot separate. Both depend on the independence of the external view and the force it puts us under to bring it into our lives. The sense of the absurd is just a perception of the limits of this effort reached when we muster higher on the transcendent al ladder than a mere human individuality can follow, even with the help of considerable readjustment. 16 It means that if our life climb to objectivity and yet it will not successfully fulfill to complete, the will arrived to absurdity.In this passage, it seems that we can find two apparent movements here of life. To go up to objectivity and to retreat from the objectivity to go downhearted, return to particular subjective being and yet this would be the primary cause of absurd life. Thomas Nagel agreed with this kind of thought and he presented that the subject not the complete in objectivity, it would full to go down and then, he said that this is the origin of the absurdity in life. In addition, we transcend objectively and yet we fail to reach the completeness of our transcendence and the possible life to do is to go back into particular.This is the reason why our life will absurd and Thomas Nagel defended on this argument, in saying partially that life will absurd through th is instances. We can copy this argument by citing again the analogy of certain bird of passage which image in the mens urinal room. So, if we try to succeed back the analogy of the spider, it seems we can find the same cases to what Thomas Nagel saying about the absurdity of life. So, in the case of the spider, since the spider is in chain for well-nigh ten years and the only thing that the spider can do is to keep climbing the fence in up and down in any moment.The same also about the reason why our life will be absurd according Thomas Nagel. This point will be included in the part of my critique. Finally, there is an attitude which cuts through the antonym between transcendent universality and parochial self absorption and that is the attitude of nonegocentric respect for the particular. 17 As what my analogy would explain this passage that there is something an impulse of cutting the universal and particular which can be the cause of life to be absurd.However, from this i nstance in times of cutting both universal and particular, it would try to say that the subject or the individual self can be the attitude of nonegocentric of the particular subjectivity. DEATH Particular things can have a noncompetitive completeness which is sheer(a) to all aspects to all aspects of the self. This also helps explain why the experience of great hit tends to unify the self the object engages us at one time and totally in a way that makes distinctions among points of view of irrelevant.18 It seems that particular can freely stand transparently to all aspects of self with no competitions to objective reality. The particular here also has its own centripetal identity which cultivate by any subject. Most of us can deal about personal self without consulting to the other self and it is an overview of the independent of particular to stand alone and looking only in future by using present individual self. This is formally called as unifying idea of the particular which is the principle of particular itself.However, this could not suppose that this is only the attitudes or characteristic of particular, which is to unify the principle itself, as a basis in looking to other reality. But rather, the particular has also consists of several transparent characteristics to set as guidelines to eliminate the completeness of the objectivity. Our constitutional self absorption together with our capacity to recognize its surfeit make us irreducibly absurd even if we achieve a measure of subjective-objective integration by legal transfer the two standpoints closer together.The gap is too wide to be closed entirely, for anyone who is fully human. 19 From this footnote, Thomas Nagel put self as having boundary to integrate other subject which irreducible to reach the point of absurdity of life in each subject-objective by bringing the two standpoints, in which the two points have a connection to limit the movement of self to other self which can possible, ma ke the absurdity of human life. This is still the problem here, even if life will organized other subject which also had life.So, the capacity of self here is quite limited, in short self has limited rule to move. Unlike, the part objectivity, it us has universal movement which means the objectivity has the unlimited to move anytime. We are so accustomed to the parallel progress of subjective and objective time that there is some that there is some shock in the realization that the world will go calmly on without me after I disappear. It is the ultimate form of abandonment.20 It simply means that if the self will experienced in gash of death, the objective time will not stop to function but it will spontaneously operative to keep on transcending and transcending, even if all existence will in that track of death. The objective still continues to exist and do the function to the world. In our objective conception of the world, particular things can come to an end because the possib ility of their non- existence is allowed for.The possibility of both the existence and the nobody of a particular object, artifact, organism, or person is given by actualities which underlie either possibility and coexist with both of them. Thus the existence of certain elements and truth of the laws of chemistry underlie the possibility of synthesizing a particular chemical compound, or of decomposing it. Such possibilities rest on actualities21. The issue here regarding this footnote, is that particular things was already have a place wherein it was being effect and this actuality is no other than death.It is somehow the same with the act and potency. In such life continue moving towards the existence itself and yet as a result is the actuality to be actualize which is death. Death is actuality, because the possibility of nonexistence is allowed to enter in the particular things which the human being is involved which underlie for this stage to not again exist. This is a very st rong form of malarkey, the slice of an inner world that had not been thought of as a contingent manifestation at all and whose absence is therefore not the realization of a possibility already contained in the conception of it.It turns out that I am not the sort of a thing I was unconsciously tempted to think I was a set of ungrounded possibilities as opposed to a set of possibilities grounded in a contingent actuality22 From these footnotes, refers to the definition of death and it is being referred also to the possibility of realization that had been set to be actualizing as ungrounded serial to the possibility of life. This realization that Im referring to is not in the future events but it is rather in the present events of life.It is just like that we can only think in the present but nothingness comes, nothing cans future to think of. Another reason to regard death without too much concern is that everyones deathlikeity is part of the general cycle of biological renewal wh ich, like the fact that hawks eat mice, it makes no sense to deplore. 23 matter-of-fact speaking death is a part of life which all of the living things including us are subject to dies. On other hand, life has a biological renewal, even if our life will absurd to exist.As Blondel said that life and death has no other way to escape, but to undergo a process to of life which is death is natural to be taken those who exist. Our life is not permanent here on earth. We only barrowed these lives in order for us exist. My death was going to occur in consequence of the end of the world. 24 It means that if human being experienced life to exist, human being also will have to experience death which is the consequences of our existence. Human life is not permanent even other living being it has the access to take death. In short, no one is excused to take life in death.Because, our life here on earth were pass by and because of the very fact that we are mortal being. In short, all things livi ng organism is subject to destined in death. However, living organism even human being hasnt known what proper(postnominal) time death will come to us, we just unaware of the time to take death. Conclusion Well, establish on the footnotes that I have been explained, the Skeptical mind of Thomas Nagel looking at life, he authentically believes that life will absurd by putting life in external reality and proving the commonplace ground of human being which gives us a view that the life will absurd.Thus, I would like first to elaborate why our life will absurd by again using the analogy of the spider. So, as I look at the analogy of the spider, for almost ten years in chain in the mens urinal room, so, the only thing that can spider did was to repeated and repeated climbed up in the wall finding the tiny attractive insects to feed as means survival and yet it goes down where the spider started to climb from that particular wall any moment of instances and that makes the absurdity of the life.However, if we try also to elaborate our life as human being, we can see the big deal here about the absurdity of life by just looking at our self to the objective reality, in which our life are restless, always keep on in desiring and struggling just to go beyond the objective reality and yet, we fail to go beyond objectively because we have only limited capacity to compass that, then we stop to go beyond and go back the origin because we cannot hold the very beyond of life because we are limited to reached that beyond ness and we cannot force ourselves to tap for something divine for us, thats why our life will arrived at absurdity.I will negate the idea of Thomas Nagel because actually in the very nature of life there is no infinite movement to escape from this absurdity of life and this is the very nature of life because, in the first place, we were exist in mystery way with limited knowledge of the external reality. So, what we should to do is only to accept whatever the consequence of our existence.On the other hand, Thomas Nagel considered this absurdity as a consequence of our existence. However, as we know that life will have the access to be absurd, then we should not let our life do what is not good for us but to rather, continue kindle our life in right path. I therefore, think that life wills absurd because our life has a bound to look at objectively and the limitation is check-out procedure to absurd life.