How to Be a Successful Salesperson Free Essay Example, 1750 words

Sales are the livelihood of all businesses. Due to the negative reputation of sales (telemarketing, being pushy, hard closers, etc. ) many view sales and salespersons as unnecessary, annoying, and untrustworthy. However, think of the many times you have needed a salesperson to assist you with a product or service or to answer questions and direct you. Wellford (2005) suggests another title for the term salesperson and a realistic look at the roles of a salesperson, What s needed is a trusted individual who can help a purchasing prospect make the right purchasing decision. That may be to buy from the competition or it may be to buy the best that s on the company range of products. The salesman label sets up the dialogue on the wrong foot. Perhaps a better title might be something like Customer Purchasing Assistant . Some of the main roles of a salesperson include the following as Arundel (1993) is quoted in The Importance of the Role of the Salesperson (2004): 1. Promote the name and reputation of the company in the marketplace. 2. Promote the company s products and services. We will write a custom essay sample on How to Be a Successful Salesperson or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page 13. Prepare quotations, illustrations, and proposals. 14. Provide feedback on how the company and its products are perceived in the marketplace. 15. Keep up to date with the latest developments that affect the company, its products, and its market. A characteristic is a feature that helps to identify, set apart, or pinpoint a distinguishing mark or trait (The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition, 2000.) All successful salespeople possess certain characteristics.

The Social Problem Of Police Brutality - 1458 Words

The contemporary social problem I would like to conduct sociological research on is the use of excessive force used by members of the police department in recent unconscionable shootings of unarmed civilians. With all the recent attention that the people of Ferguson Missouri and New York City have been able to rise on this issue, making it a media sensation, it seemed like a good topic to discuss. Police brutality is an egregious, ongoing problem in our society that, until just recently, has been accepted as a sad fact of life by the people it affects and is largely ignored by the rest of society, including politicians and the mass media. Police brutality affects the people that society has come to stigmatize such as minorities, the mentally ill and impoverished people, more so than the well off or middle to upper class white people. b. Literature Review Some cities often start new, or â€Å"rookie†, police officers in the areas with the largest concentration of reported crimes of their city. â€Å"Rookie† officers lack the experience of personal interaction with the public because, oftentimes, their training has been limited to a classroom setting. An example of a rookie officer committing police brutality is in the case of Akai Gurly. On November 20th of this year, new police officer Peter Liang shot and killed an unarmed man named Akai Gurly in front of his girlfriend while in a dark stairwell in east New York. Locals, due to the violence that happens in the surrounding theShow MoreRelatedPolice Brutality : A Social Problem1548 Words   |  7 PagesPolice brutality is a social problem faced in many communities around the world. Focusing on North America, the problems and central focuses on police brutality stem from racism and the excessive abuse of power. Police brutality is defined as unmerited, excessive and aggr essive abuse, police brutality is a phenomenon that causes irreparable harm to its victims. The abuse may be physical or psychological, and the victims can feel the effects of this abuse for a lifetime. These effects include notRead MoreFilm, Fruitvale Station, Directed By Ryan Coogler1481 Words   |  6 PagesIn society, social problems are often brought to the public’s attention through popular culture and media. The compelling film, Fruitvale Station, directed by Ryan Coogler is a nod to many social problems found in the United States of America today. The film portrays social problems like poverty among minorities, racial profiling and especially police brutality through the last 24 hours of Oscar Julius Grant III’s life. The star-studded film not only pays homage to Grant but also to the ideas ofRead MorePolice Brutality Is Very Today s Society866 Words   |  4 PagesPolice brutality is extremely prevalent in today’s society. Police brutality is a police officer deliberately using excessive force, psychological attacks, and verbal abuse during law enforcement activities with the population. This unjust brutality is fueled from law enforcement taking action based on emotion or abusing the authority that has been given to them from the government. These actions are causing people, primarily minority groups, to rebel against law enforcement, and inexcusably createRead MoreThe Effects Of Police Brutality On The Relationship1243 Words   |  5 Pages Bad Blood: The Effects of Police Brutality on the Relationship Between Minorities and the Police Brandon Seigle June 16, 2017 CRJS 498 NC AT University ..................Column Break..................As children we are taught that not only are police officers our friends, but that their job is to protect and serve our communities. Unfortunately, for many minorities this image is shattered as incident after incident occurs in the streets of their communities. With today’s technology, theseRead MorePsychology Is Everywhere You Look957 Words   |  4 Pagesbegins to explore the social, cognitive, and emotional roots of prejudice within society (545). Prejudice has remained a huge obstacle throughout world history. With the recent murders of unarmed African American men, the aspect of police brutality begins to relate back to prejudice. According to Jesse Holland of the Associated Press, the recent murder of Mike Brown has brought forth several marches and racial unrest within the African American community. With this example of social unrest, psychologyRead MorePolice Brutality And Crime Brutality833 Words   |  4 PagesPoli ce Brutality Police brutality is defined as the use of excessive or unnecessary force by police when dealing with civilians (What Is Police Brutality?). Recently, there have been a surplus of incidents involving police brutality. Cases like Michael Brown, Eric Garner, and Tamir Rice are examples of police brutality. All three of these victims ended up dead at the hands of police. Statistics show that, just this year alone, 1,013 Americans have been killed by cops (Cop Crisis). Social mediaRead MorePolice Brutality Based On Racial Profiling1682 Words   |  7 Pagesothers; violence and brutality against innocent citizens is the key to getting the job done. For years, minorities have fallen victim to police brutality based on racial profiling, stereotypes and other unjustifiable reasons that has cost several innocent lives. The involvement of officers in police brutality against minority social groups causes tainted and negative views on policing and their overall duty to protect, when they are ul timately the aggressors in this case. Police brutality is a violent incidentRead MorePolice Brutality Is Not A New Occurrence930 Words   |  4 Pageswhen someone says the word â€Å"police† they will picture a clean cut officer in uniform serving to protect their community from harm. However, there are a number of people who will instead picture a monster wielding a firearm and a Taser, ready to strike down anyone who doesn’t obey. This image is one that has been fashioned by police brutality. Police brutality is defined as the use of excessive and/or unnecessary force by police when dealing with civilians. Police brutality can also take the form ofRead MoreSocial Media As A Platform For Police Brutality1646 Words   |  7 Pagesdocumented and filmed that many rioters have demanded the streets to riot recent fatal police brutality of unarmed African American teenagers, but what has caused the most publicity is how these incidents spread so widely through social medi a. The article Ferguson: Digital Protest, Hashtag Ethnography, and the Racial Politics of Social Media in the United States by Yarimar Bonilla Jonathan Rosa studies the affects social media has on a modern political issue and explains how â€Å"hashtag activism† can uniteRead MoreIn Our Society, There Has Been Several Issues But One Of1213 Words   |  5 PagesAfrican American community. Police Brutality is a major problem that many African Americans fear dealing with racial divides but some believe minorities cause higher crime rates. In the dictionary of law, Police brutality, is the use of excessive and/or unnecessary force by police when dealing with civilians. Many Americans have gone through many situations where they were excessively force by the police. But few American’s were racial profiled, discriminated, or beat brutality for no appointed reason

Examples Of Marketing Strategy - 1139 Words

3.0 Marketing Strategy We will promote ourselves as an all inclusive active entertainment complex. It will be directed at local businesses and surrounding communities as something for all ages, safe, and socially applicable for entertaining at all levels. We will provide informative information on how leading an active and social lifestyle promotes a quality of life we all strive to enjoy. With quality products and services, we will position our complex on social media, through word of mouth, TV, and radio. Our approach to reach our customers and community will be by direct and indirect marketing using mail, internet, public relations, newspaper, and television. We also support local events, churches, schools, and applicable business†¦show more content†¦This workforce has generated new business growth in the City of Madison which is why the economy for this area continues to grow at steady pace. The average community household is a growing middle-class families with an income on average greater t han $75,000.00 and the overall city average is $107.330.00. Most of these families are of four or more which are our target market for the community. There are no local companies in the City of Madison or surrounding communities that have the depth, quality, and diverse entertainment. Area Population Area 2016 U.S. Census Alabama 4,863,300 Madison City, Alabama 47.959 Madison City, Alabama - Age Category Number Percentage Age 16 and Over 32,409 75.5% Age 18 and Over 30,733 71.6% Age 21 and Over 29,325 68.3% Age 65 and Over 3,503 8.2% Had to use the 2010 Census to break down these categories because that was the latest numbers with a break down like this by category. 3.5 Positioning We plan to promote the complex as a safe and energetic place for family fun. That we only serve and use the best products in our foods and snacks. We plan to communicate our commitment to quality on all applicable platforms to maximize our communication efforts. Our additional goal is to ensure our customers that their satisfaction in a safe and fun environment is our primary objective. 3.6 Strategies One of the key factors is once we open the doors under new management we must ensure everyone in the familyShow MoreRelatedMarketing Strategies Essay example1506 Words   |  7 PagesPrice, product, place and promotion, the four Ps of marketing, are fundamental for successful marketing communication. One of its goals is building and reinforcing relationships with clientele, retailers and other people who the company markets their products to. But the main objective is to reach \a target market and affect their behavior through informing, convincing and reminding. They must reach out to new consumers and persuade then them to purchase their product, while at the same time theyRead MoreCallaway Marketing Strategy Essay examples713 Words   |  3 PagesMarketing Strategy Callaways main strategy is differentiation based on technologically advanced products which (supposedly) have performance advantages sufficient to justify the premium price. Callaways goal is to maintain its #1 position as the worlds largest golf merchandise company. To maintain its status and distance itself even further from the competition, Callaway will need to utilize its size and unique technological advances to continue to produce great products that maintain customerRead MoreMarketing Strategy for Blackberry Essay example3584 Words   |  15 Pagessouthwestern Ontario came together to experience an event like no other. Free The Children co-founders, motivational speakers, and celebrity guests helped rally these young people to take on leadership roles in their communities. With the help of social strategy consulting firm Mission Measurement, Free The Children was able to capture unprecedented insight into the impact of our last We Day Waterloo upon students, educators, and their schools. Highlights include: * 97% of students believed they couldRead MoreMtv Marketing Strategy Analysis Essay examples4836 Words   |  20 Pages These types of strategies are used to enable managers to determine which markets to target and how to maximize profits realized from these markets. The three most common marketing strategies are mass market, niche-market and growth market.[4] The primary objective of the mass-market strategy is to capture sufficient volume to gain economies of scale and a cost advantage.[5] There are two approaches to this strategy. The second approach is called differentiated marketing. This involves designingRead MoreMarketing Development : Apple Diversification Strategy And Nestle As An Example Of Market Penetration Strategy1448 Words   |  6 PagesTalking about strategies, if a company concentrates on research and development new products, a diversification is strategy is applied into its business running. Otherwise, there are three strategy alternatives that concentrate on current products (class lecture). Status Quo is an approach that is fairly conservative without expanding more market share. Under Status Quo strategy, companies try to maintain their current market share and adapt into market changes. Market penetration is a strategy that focusesRead MoreA Research Report on Marketing Strategies of the Business Essay example4 094 Words   |  17 PagesHI 5004 Marketing Management | Victoria’s Basement | A Research Report on Marketing Strategies of the Business | Muhoo [Pick the date] | Table of Contents 1 Introduction 2 2 Market Profile Error! 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Crucial for development of global marketing strategyRead MoreMarketing Mix Of A Business Organization1210 Words   |  5 PagesThe term â€Å"marketing† is a function unusual to business firms to most of the people but it is an important part to the success of business whether large or a small and its most important focus is on quality, consumer value and customer satisfaction. It is a business function that identifies consumer needs, determines target markets and applies products and services to serve these markets. It is seen as the task of finding and stimulating buyers for the firms’ output. It involves production development

Customary Indian Healthcare System Vs Complementary Option...

Customary Indian Healthcare System Vs Complementary option mind being developed of essential health awareness framework. Conceptual: The current social insurance framework crosswise over globe is heading in a manner that, to keep up the wellbeing and essentialness of people they need to address compels in both the characteristic and otherworldly world. The customary social insurance framework and convictions are grounded in social and religious practices of nearby groups. Authentic circumstances, geology and demographics shape and educate the conveyance of conventional social insurance frameworks. Cutting edge human services frameworks are the aftereffect of a long development through experimentation and trade of such data between various†¦show more content†¦In India corrective, mending and protection medicinal services frameworks are indispensable piece of family, social convictions and group life and this learning is held as social convention that is profound established with otherworldly mission. The Hindu convention is the most established religious custom of India. The Hindu social convi ctions is held as vedas, the foundational writings of Hinduism. The Vedas are portrayed as voice of god and the antiquated researchers imagined the nature mysteries through third eye of information and place them in words as vedic serenades. The data in these vedas relates human life to nature and vast world and this portrays distinctive methods for treating sicknesses and affliction. Ayurveda is a characteristic social insurance framework that has been the customary arrangement of human services in India for over 5000 years. It is fundamentally organized on science, rationality and deep sense of being that are essential parts of sound living. It manages medicinal frameworks as well as method for living and the very idea of brain, body and soul. The famous practices of Ayurveda are reflection, yoga, droning, breathing activities, panchakarma and herbs. Ayurvedic methods for medicinal services is totally comprehensive. The fundamental guideline of medicinal services through

The Technology to Detect Counterfeit Currency Free Essays

Currently it is quite easy to manufacture or produce money which is known as fake (Brain, 2007). This is because it is said that only the following are needed: â€Å"a personal computer, a scanner, an inkjet colored printer, as well as, time which is only ten minutes† (Brain, 2007). The first step is to place the bill on the scanner then setting the scanner in its highest resolution at 2,400 DPI before eventually scanning it (Brain, 2007). We will write a custom essay sample on The Technology to Detect Counterfeit Currency or any similar topic only for you Order Now After that printing may already be carried out (Brain, 2007). Yes indeed, it is now very easy to do so. This is the reasons an individual should know how to distinguish a real from counterfeit money. The following may be of help: First of all, take a look at the picture (United.. , 2006). In the real money, the picture would be extremely realistic (United.. , 2006). The picture in the real money will also â€Å"stand out noticeably from the background† (United.. , 2006). In the counterfeit money, on the other hand, the picture in it looks exceedingly lifeless and unexciting (United.. , 2006). In addition to that, its features go along with the backdrop which is usually too shady, shadowy, gloomy, blotchy and speckled (United.. , 2006). Second is to be extremely mindful and check on the federal reserve and treasury seals (United.. , 2006). How? On the real money, it is exceedingly noticeable that the â€Å"saw-tooth points of the federal reserve and treasury seals are apparent, distinctive, as well as, jagged† whereas on the counterfeit money, â€Å"the saw-tooth points of the federal reserve and treasury seals have irregular, dull, or wrecked saw-tooth points† (United.. , 2006). Third is to be familiar with the money’s border (United.. , 2006). In genuine money, â€Å"it is extremely noticeable that the fine lines in the border are very clear and continuous† (United.. , 2006). In the counterfeit bill though, â€Å"the streak are so distorted and indistinguishable† (United.. , 2006). Fourth is to look deeper into the serial numbers (United.. , 2006). In the real bill, the spaces are even in between the serial numbers (United.. , 2006). In addition to that, it is set apart by its idiosyncratic style (United.. , 2006). Furthermore, the color of the treasury seal is also similar to the hue utilized in printing the serial numbers (United.. , 2006). On the other hand, in counterfeit bills, the color used in printing the serial numbers may not at all be the same with the hue of the treasury seal (United.. , 2006). Also counterfeit bills’ serial numbers’ spaces are not even (United.. , 2006). In addition to that, the serial numbers in counterfeit money do not make a straight line (United.. , 2006). Last but not least is to scrutinize the type of paper utilized (Indigo.. , 2002). In the real money, there are strands which are colored blue and red set in or entrenched in the entire paper (Indigo.. , 2002). Meanwhile, the counterfeit bill does not have strands or fibers, instead, red and blue lines are printed on the paper instead of being embedded on it (Indigo.. , 2002). Devices Utilized to Detect Counterfeit Money There are several devices utilized nowadays to find out if money is counterfeit or real. Some of these devices include the following: First of all is the counterfeit detector pen (How.. , 2007). How to cite The Technology to Detect Counterfeit Currency, Essays

Pratyogita Darpan Essay Example For Students

Pratyogita Darpan Essay To Our Readers Dear Readers, WHERE EXCELLENCE GUIDES THE SUCCESS Year 4 Issue 45 March 2010 EDITOR Mahendra Jain REGISTERED OFFICE 2/11-A, Swadeshi Bima Nagar Agra–282 002 ADMINISTRATIVE AND EDITORIAL OFFICE 1, State Bank Colony Opp. Van Chetna Kendra Agra-Mathura Bye pass, Agra–282 005 Tel. : 2531101, 2530966, 4053333 Fax : (0562) 4031570, 4053330 Website : www. pdgroup. in E-mail : [emailprotected] in It gives us great pleasure and a sense of satisfaction in presenting to you the March Issue of your favourite and frontline magazine ‘Pratiyogita Darpan’. As usual, this issue of the magazine also contains useful examination-oriented reading material. It is due to the painstaking efforts of our learned authors that this issue has been made so useful for all the competitive examinations. Those of you who read it intelligently and with clear understanding will reap good harvest in any competitive examination for which this magazine is meant. We have made the process of preparing the issues of the magazine totally readers-oriented. For this we keep ourselves in constant touch with the toppers and other successful candidates of various competitive examinations to know their views and suggestions for improvement. This process encourages us to model the issues according to their needs and demands. A number of core articles on important world events contributed by reputed and well informed authors are given in this issue. Some of the important and representative articles are : Indo-Bangladesh Relations : New Beginning, Iranian Impasse, Sino-India Relation : Moving Up and Down, Corporate Governance in India etc. The most important section of the magazine contains a number of question papers selected from various competitive examinations. These are fully solv ed with relevant hints and explanations. All efforts are made to give their error free solutions. This reliability makes the magazine unparalleled and a class by itself in its field. We assure you that an intelligent study and practice of these papers will be highly useful in solving objective questions in any future examination. Our column ‘Compendium’ is yet another tool for such help and is getting wide appreciation from our readers. Pratiyogita Darpan meets all your requirements and is widely claimed as second to none in its field. It covers all competitive examinations for which it is meant. Hardwork under proper guidance, constant practice and revision are essential ingredients of success in any examination. P. D. gives all that is necessary f or your success. DELHI OFFICE 4845, Ansari Road Daryaganj, New-Delhi–2 Tel. : 23251844, 23251866 Read Pratiyogita Darpan regularly and intelligently. It gives you the power to master your career and shape your destiny. With best wishes for your success and bright future. Sincerely yours, MAHENDRA JAIN (Editor) All rights reserved. No part of this Magazine may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form by any means, Electronic, Mechanical, Photocopying, Recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. While every effort has been made to ensure accuracy of the information published in this edition, neither publisher nor any of its employees accept any responsibility for any error or omission. Articles that cannot be used are returned to the authors if accompanied by a self addressed and sufficiently stamped envelope. But no responsibility is taken for any loss or delay in returning the material. Pratiyogita Darpan assumes no responsibility for statements and opinions advanced by the authors nor for any claims made in the advertisements published in the Magazine. PD/March/2010/1542 Year 4 Issue 45 March 2010 International Relations Article 1626 India-Russia : A Time Tested Strategic Partnership Regulars 1542 To Our Readers 1545 Editorial Vividha 1629 Compendium State : At a Glance 1632 Union Territory : Puducherry News Events 1547 1556 1561 1566 1579 1584 1587 1589 Nation this Month World this Month Regional News National and International Updates Annual Report : 2008-09 1634 Progress and Initiatives in New and Renewable Energy Sector : In a Nutshell Current Affairs Sports World Science and Technology Memorable Points Economic Scenario Profile : International Organisation 1637 United Nations Organisation (UNO) 1640 Current Questionnaire 1642 Trade and Industry Career News 1597 Employment and Career News 1599 Forthcoming Competitive Examinations Question Papers Optional Papers 1643 U. P. PCS Combined State/Lower Subordinate Services Special (Pre. ) Exam. , 2008 : Political Science 1650 Trained Graduate Teachers Exam. , 2009 : Agriculture World Panorama Indo-Bangladesh Relations : New Beginning 1602 (ii) Iranian Impasse 1605 (iii) Sino-India Relation : Moving Up and Down 1600 (i) Other Papers 1657 U. P. PCS (Pre. ) Exam. , 2009 : General Studies 1667 Bank of Maharashtra Agriculture Officers Exam. , 2009 : General Awareness 1671 Tamil Nadu P. S. C. (Pre. ) Exam. , 2009 : General Knowledge 1683 Oriental Bank of Commerce P. O. Exam. , 2009 : Quantitative Aptitude 1687 United India Insurance Co. Administrative Officers Exam. , 2009 : Reasoning Ability Personality Development 1607 Failures are Stepping Stones of Success Inspiring Youth : Interview 1609 Sachin Kumar Singh Topper—Uttar Pradesh PCS, 2006 (1st rank) Articles Economics Article 1611 Corporate Governance in India Your Pages 1694 Essay Contest 1696 Debate Contest 1699 Results 1700 Concentric Quiz 1703 Test Your Knowledge 1705 Semi-Annual Sports Special Indian Economy Article 1615 Medical Tourism and Economic Growth : Perspective of India Commerce Article 1618 Financial Inclusion in India : An Analysis Sociological Article 1623 Child Labour : A Complex Problem PD/March/2010/1543 Editorial HEAR THE WHISPERS OF NATURE The best cure for all our ills in life is the living in full harmony with Nature. While the prolonged interaction with human beings may be boring and fatiguing, interaction with Nature, watching its scenes and sights, observing the various activities of the flora and fauna are refreshing and invigorating to the human soul. Nature teaches us as nothing else can. As Wordsworth says, â€Å"One impulse from vernal wood may teach you more†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦than all the sages can. † There is music in Nature which a sensitive ear can well hear. Even the silence in Nature teaches us very precious lessons. Return to Nature, if you wish to lead a healthy and happy life. Hear the whispers of nature with a sensitive soul and a finer sense of perception. All good is hidden in Nature. All that we need to do is to respond to what it messages to us in silence. We get delighted and feel fresh in the crowd of trees, and feel depressed and uneasy in a crowd of men. We like to live with the trees as long as possible, but want to get away from the crowd at the earliest moment. Trees are really our dear companions. As a matter of fact, the dust-free open atmosphere is very bracing. Who won’t long to be in the lap of nature ? The forests, trees, plants with their fragrance-spreading and multi coloured flowers and the ripe sweet-smelling fruits hanging from their branches are soothing to the eyes and instill in us a sense of health and vigour. The melodious musical voices of the birds on the trees pour nectar into our ears, which we never want to part with. It seems that the company of nature in general and of the trees in particular, is nearer to man than the company of his counterparts. Premchand, the celebrated Hindi novelist, has written somewhere that idealism in literature has the same place as the open space of nature in life. When we get sick of the suffocating atmosphere of the city life, we go out in the open air to relieve boredom of life. When we are sick of reading the painful and hard realities of life, we take recourse to some sort of idealism which takes the reader to a higher plane of consciousness. Enjoyment of poetry takes the reader beyond the bonds of ‘I’ and I’ness. Nature is the art of God, and it was she who gave birth to art, as the great thinker philosophers Aristotle and Plato defined â€Å"art as nothing but nature’s imitation. † Even today painters and poets get new ideas from nature. As William Shakespeare wrote in one of his dramas—â€Å"that the poem hangs on the berry bush, when comes the poet’s eye. The seven notes of music are based on and named after the different melodies in the realm of nature. † Every event in natures takes place under a law and all movements are rhythmic. The branch of scientific knowledge known as physics is but an humble effort of bringing to light the laws of nature. The codes of human conduct were made so that the man could live in harmony with nature. Nature is a lesson in discipline, she teaches men how to lead a disciplined life and round up his or her angularities so that human life be made a school of development, progress and evolution. For example, the cycle of seasons follows a definite time table and there is no possibility for acts of commission and omission. The sun and the moon come and go under a certain mathematical rule. Don’t they point out to us the important place of regularity and punctuality ? Those who have missed their trains by being late a minute, will realize the value of punctuality. Have we ever thought what would happen in case some day the sun did not appear at the scheduled time, or the eclipse continued longer than scheduled ? There is no vacuum or fraud in nature. The law of cause and effect and as you sow, so you reap works incessantly and unhampered in nature. We complain of disturbances and irregularities of weather. We also see that weather forecasts prove wrong quite often. The reason therefor is obvious. Men have polluted the whole atmosphere by his indiscriminate actions and thoughts. The immutable law of cause and effect is there to tell us the untoward effects produced by thoughts of deceit, malice, jealousy and enmity. Men must learn to follow the rules of conduct which have been drafted under the inspiration of the laws of nature. You must know that nature is the unfathomable ocean of inexhaustible knowledge and the repository of wisdom. To those, who have ears to hear, every leaf has something to give and every particle of dust has the potency of releasing immense energy. As the great scientist and propounder of the Theory of Special Relativity writes that â€Å"to get the best out of himself and inspiration from nature one has to develop the inner man in obedience to the laws of nature and follow her dictates. † The waves of the sea dash against the projecting rock day and night and scatter away. The rock teaches us the lesson to remain firm at the place of your duty and assignment. The difficulties will dash and scatter like the waves of the raging sea. Have faith in nature and confidence in yourself, hear the message which nature gives in its silent voice, you will get the desired direction to follow to achieve success. P. Darpan PD/March/2010/1545 â€Å"The heart has its reasons of which reason knows nothing. † ESSAY COMPETITION Topic : Last Date : Prizes : Changing Hues of Modern International Politics March 25, 2010 Ist : Rs. 600/- , IInd : Rs. 500/- , IIIrd : Rs. 400/- New Subscription Rates PRATIYOGITA DARPAN One Copy One Year By Ordinary Post By Registered Post Two Years By Ordinary Post By Registered Post Rs. 50/- DEBATE COMPETITION Topic : Economic Globalisation is a Threat to National Sovereignty Last Date : March 25, 2010 Prizes : Rs. 500/- Each (For 5 best entries) Rs. 450/Rs. 680/Rs. 810/Rs. 1260/- Rules and Regulations : ? ? 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MEMORY RETENTION CONTEST Win Attractive Prizes : Are you appearing or want to appear in States’ Civil Services Exams. , SSC Combined Examination, Banking Service Exam. , Indian Insurance Corporation’s Administrative Officers Exam. Forest Service, Sub-Inspector, Hindi Translator, M. B. A. , CPMT, CBSE, B. Ed. Entrance Exam. , Railway etc. ? If Yes ! then you can win attractive prizes. What you have just to do is to send to us the questions, along with the answers, asked in objective type papers—based on your memory. We will include all the entries and will reward the persons whose answers are found to be most correct. (i) The first three participants who will send the most correct answers will get Rs. 200, 100 and 60 respectively. (ii) Less than 75% correct answers will not deserve any prize from us. PRATIYOGITA DARPAN 2/11A, Swadeshi Bima Nagar, AGRA-2 Phone : 4053333, 2530966, 2531101 Fax : (0562) 4053330, 4031570 MEMORY RETENTION CONTEST Pratiyogita Darpan 2/11 A, Swadeshi Bima Nagar, Agra-2 PD/March/2010/1546 India, Japan to Develop Solar City ? ? officers of the lower courts who are bound by service rules to declare assets. The bench dismissed the plea of the Supreme Court, which had vehemently opposed bringing CJI’s office within the purview of the Act on the ground that it could encroach into its judicial independence. Centre gives in-principle nod to 34 cities. Both sides agreed to strengthen cooperation for promoting renewable energy. A Japanese delegation led by Minister for Internal Affairs and Communications, Kazuhiro Hargguchi on January 6, 2010 met the Union Minister for New and Renewable Energy Farooq Abdullah and decided to jointly develop a solar city in India. During the bilateral meeting both sides discussed various aspects of cooperation between the two countries in the field of renewable energy. The solar city project aims at reducing a minimum of 10 per cent of its projected demand of conventional energy at the end of five years through energy efficiency measures and generation from renewable energy installations. The Union Government has so far given in-principle approval to 34 cities to be developed as solar cities. Japan is keen on promoting ‘Midori no Bunken’ which aims at changing centralised society to communitybased society to enhance self-sufficiency within a region through maximising national resources, including forest, sea, food and energy, with emphasis on not relying on electricity generated by other methods. It focusses on renewable energy such as solar, wind, micro hydro and biomass energy. The two sides also agreed to strengthen cooperation in research and development for promoting renewable energy. As part of the exchange programme, a 10-member delegation from India participated in the Japan-India New and Renewable Energy Seminar in Tokyo. How it Happened Nov. 7, 2007 : Hindustan Times report appears pointing out that judges are unwilling to declare assets Nov. 11, 2007 : Provoked by HT story, S. C. Aggarwal files an RTI application seeking details of judges’ wealth Nov. 0, 2007 : Supreme Court refuses to provide the information, says chief justice is not covered by RTI March 5, 2008 : Aggarwal approaches Central Information Commissioner. Jan. 6, 2009 : The commission directs Supreme Court to disclose the information. Jan. 16, 2009 : SC moves Delhi High Court against CIC order Sep. 2, 2009 : Single bench of High Court rules in favour of CIC Oct. 5, 2009 : SC challenges single b ench verdict before a larger HC bench. Jan. 12, 2010 : Larger bench again rules the chief justice is covered by RTI Top Judge Covered by RTI : Court In a path breaking judgement, the Delhi High Court in the second week of January, 2010 held that the office of the Chief Justice of India (CJI) came within the ambit of the Right to Information Act and rejected a Supreme Court appeal saying judicial independence is not a judge’s personal privilege but a responsibility cast upon him. The 88-page verdict was seen as a personal setback to Chief Justice of India K. G. Balakrishnan, who has consistently been maintaining that his office does not come under the transparency law and hence cannot part with information like disclosure of judges’ assets under it. Judicial independence is not the personal privilege or prerogative of the individual judge. It is the responsibility imposed on each judge to enable him or her to adjudicate a dispute honestly and impartially on the basis of law and the evidence,† it said. The High Court verdict came on an appeal filed by the Supreme Court, which challenged the order of a single jud ge of the High Court on September 2, 2009 holding that the CJI is a public authority and his office came within the purview of the Right to Information Act. Prime Minister Launches ‘Solar India’ Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh on January 11, 2010 launched the Jawahar Lal National Solar Mission. It may be recalled that the Union Cabinet had given its nod on November 19, 2009 for the establishment of Jawahar Lal Nehru National Solar Mission that aims at adding 20,000 MW of Prime Minister Manmohan Singh power in India by with Minister of New and Renewable 2020. It was the first Energy Farooq Abdullah at the Solar Energy Conclave 2010, in New Delhi of the eight missions on Jan. 17. to be established for fighting the climate change problem. CJI a Public Authority Holding that CJI is a public authority under the Act, a full bench headed by Chief Justice A. P. Shah said that judges of the Superior courts should make public their assets as they are not less accountable than the judicial PD/March/2010/1547 â€Å"Silence is argument carried out by other means. † Launching the Mission, the Prime Minister called for creation of ‘solar valleys’ in India akin to silicon valleys, as a contribution to the national as well as global efforts at combating climate change. He termed the industry’s role in the mission critical and revealed that the mission planned to create an installed capacity of 20,000 MW by the end of the 13th Plan. â€Å"If the mission is to become a reality, we will have to create many solar valleys on the lines of the Silicon Valleys that are spurring our IT industry across the country,† the Prime Minister said. Noting that these valleys would become hubs for solar science, engineering and research and fabrication and manufacturing he urged the industry to see the mission as a huge business opportunity. The Prime Minister was addressing 900 delegates at the Solar Energy Conclave 2010, organised by the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy and the Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCI). Referring to Jawahar Lal Nehru’s vision of creating world class capabilities in atomic energy and space science, Dr. Singh said that it was these strengths that brought about the IT revolution and made India a global player. â€Å"I am convinced that solar energy can be the next scientific and industrial frontier in India after atomic energy, space and IT. † India Plans 20 m Solar Lights by 2022 As per Union Minister for New and Renewable Energy’s statement made on January 11, 2010, India plans to install 20 million solar lights and 20 million square metres of solar panels to generate 20,000 MW by 2022 as part of Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission. â€Å"By 2022, we aim to install 20 million square metres of solar thermal collectors and save 7,500 MW power generation capacity,† the Minister said at the launch of the mission in New Delhi, adding â€Å"We want 20 million solar lights to be installed by 2022, which would result in a saving of one billion litres of kerosene oil every year. ? ? ? The solar lights will help to save one billion litres of kerosene every year In the next three years, India plans to add 1,300 MW of solar power High cost is a major constraint Ambitious Target Though the mission’s target of 20,000 MW was ambitious, it was achievable. The various ministries and authorities would have to work in close coordination to make it a s uccess. The Prime Minister hoped that the mission would also establish India as a global leader in solar energy, not just in power generation but in manufacturing and technology. Confucianism And Taoism EssayThis is a crucial step in the development of Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Mark-III (GSLVMk-III) which will put a satellite weighing four tonnes in orbit. N. Narayan Moorthy, Project Director, GSLV-Mk-III, called the test a big success. According to Mr. Moorthy nearly 600 parameters were monitored. During the test, the motor produced a peak thrust of 500 tonne. Third Biggest Rocket Motor It is the third biggest solid motor in the world after the booster rocket of NASA’s, space shuttle and that of Arianespace’s Ariane-5 launch vehicle. It is 22 metre long and 3 ·2 metre in diameter. According to an ISRO press release, the design, development and successful realisation of the motor was entirely an indigenous effort of the Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC) Thiruvananthapuram and the Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC) in collaboration with public and private sector industries. The preparation and casting was done at the newly built Solid Propellant Plant at Sriharikota. Support for India’s UNSC Bid In a shift from its earlier position, Malaysia has conveyed its support for India’s bid for permanent seat at the United Nations Security Council. Sources said that the visiting Malaysian Prime Minister communicated this to the Indian leadership. Malaysia was earlier a member of the group which was opposed to India’s bid for a permanent seat at the UNSC. The group known as Uniting for Consensus, is referred to as the Coffee Club. It has Pakistan, South Korea, Italy, Argentina, Costa Rica, Malta, Mexico, Spain and Turkey as members. Conclusion of CECA In his interaction with the Indian Prime Minister Mr. Razak stressed the need to conclude the Malaysia-India CECA (Comprehensive Economic Cooperation Agreement) by the end of the year. Speaking to Indian journalists Mr. Razak said that ASEAN + 3 (including China, Japan and Korea), ASEAN + India and ASEAN + Middle East were three strategic areas going into the multi-polar world of the 21st century. The Indo-ASEAN Free Trade Agreement was signed last year and trade between India and Malaysia was growing at ‘breakneck speed’, but Mr. Razak stressed, a Malaysian-India Comprehensive Economic Cooperation Agreement (CECA), scheduled to be signed by the end of the year, would help the two countries achieve the true potential of the relationship. According to him, the high level delegation led by him had also discussed various agreements that would foster close ties with India in higher education, infrastructure, bio sciences and other sectors. ISRO’s Most Powerful Rocket Motor Tested Successfully Design, Development, an Entirely Indigenous Effort ? ? ? S-200 powered by 200 tonnes of solid propellants Produced a peak thrust of 500 tonnes and performed exactly as predicted It is the third biggest solid rocket motor in the world after NASA’s and Arianespace’s. He who knows only his own side of the case, knows little of that. † PD/March/2010/1553 V. Srinivasan is the Project Director of the S-200 programme. Two GSLV Mk-III which is at an advanced stage of development will weigh 630 tonne and will be 43 ·5 metre tall. The ground test of its L-110 liquid motor, fuelled by 110 tonnes of liquid propellants will take place in February at the Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre at Mahendragiri, near Nagercoil in Tamil Nadu. The GSLV-Mk-III is expected to lift off from Sriharikota by the end of 2011. Nation Celebrates its 61st Republic Day A strong and resurgent India celebrated its 61st Republic day with all fanfare and gaiety. This year’s parade highlighted the nation’s achievements in various fields, the military prowess, scintillating display of air power as also the country’s rich and cultural heritage. The highlight of this year’s parade was the MBT Arjun (tank), Smirch multiple Launch Rocket system, Armoured Engineer Recce Vehicle, Sarvatra Bridge, Electronic warfare system. Also on view were the indigenous systems being developed by the DRDO including the Light Combat Aircraft Tejas, Agni-III Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile, Shourya surface-to-surface Strategic Missile and the Rohini Radar. In the year of the Commonwealth Games being hosted by India, a bevy of sports persons were the star attractions of the parade accompanying the tableau of the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports. The Parade commenced at the Amar Jawan Jyoti at India Gate where the Prime Minister led the nation in paying homage to the martyrs by laying wreath. As per tradition, after the National Flag was unfurled, President Smt. Pratibha Devi Singh Patil conferred the gallantry award Ashok Chakra on the military persons for their acts of exceptional bravery. The President took the salute of the parade. This year’s Chief Guest in the parade was Mr. Lee Myung-bak, President of the Republic of Korea. The marching contingents of the Army included, among others’ the Brigade of the Guards, Madras Regiment, Jat Regiment. The marching contingent of the Navy comprised 144 men led by Lt. Commander Ajay Verma and the Air Force contingent comprising 148 was led by Sqd. Ldr. R. Katoch. The marching contingents of paramilitary and other auxiliary civil forces included contingents from the Border Security Force, Assam Rifles, Coast Guard, Central Reserve Police Force, Indo-Tibetan Border Police, Central Industrial Security Force, Sashastra Seema Bal, Railway Protection Force, Delhi Police, National Cadet Corps and National Service Scheme. The Camel-mounted band of the BSF was another attraction. Tableaux from some states and Central Ministries and Departments presented the varied historical, architectural and cultural heritage of the country. They also showcased the country’s progress in various fields. In the children’s section, hundreds of boys and girls from the local educational institutions and regional cultural zones presented dances and other programmes. The grand finale of the parade was a spectacular flypast by the IAF, with the AWACS participating in the parade for the first time. India, South Korea Cooperation Touching New Horizons India’s bid to forge strong trade ties with the countries of the ASEAN (Association of South East Asian Nations) in the background of its Look East Policy is best exemplified in its growing cooperation with Malaysia and South Korea. While Malaysia is funding several projects in India and India and Malaysia have put economic cooperation on a new pedestal, South Korea too is steadly becoming India’s close partner. It came to be evidenced on Lee Myung-bak Jan. 25, 2010 when the two countries S. Korea President resolved to enhance bilateral ties to the level of strategic partnership by extending their relationship to the nuclear sector and developing closer security and defence ties. Pacts Signed The two countries signed four pacts in the presence of Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh and the visiting South Korean President Lee Myung-bak. In the nuclear field they also agreed to facilitate development of a framework for civil nuclear cooperation. South Korea is the third largest invester in India and among the few countries with which a Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) has been signed. It is also a member of the ASEAN plus three format with whom India wants to forge closer political and economic ties. India and South Korea set a $ 30 billion target for bilateral trade by 2014. The two leaders welcomed the signing of the pact on cooperation in the peaceful uses of outer space between the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and the Korean Aerospace Research Institute (KARI) and hoped that the MoU will facilitate strong cooperation between the two countries in this important sector. India expressed its commitment to developing a robust and comprehensive framework for strategic engagement with Korea, the Indian PM said. South Korean President Lee Myung-bak was the chief guest of honour at India’s Republic Parade on Jan. 6, 2010. PD/March/2010/1554 â€Å"Kind words can be short and easy to speak, but their echoes are truly endless. † President’s Message to the Nation Earlier on the eve of the Republic Day, the President in her message reflected the common citizen’s worries on two counts : the unyielding price situation and challenges to internal security. She also touched upon climate change, underlining the use of energy effic ient technologies and renewable sources of energy to reduce the carbon footprint. ? ? ? ? Called for second green revolution Involve agricultural economy more pro-actively in growth process Stress on ‘environment of security’ for optimal attainment of growth Take growth patterns to the bottom of the pyramid, the poor and the disadvantaged. As the fourth largest economy in the world in terms of purchasing power parity, India was on target for achieving a double digit growth rate, the President pointed out. While policies that promoted growth must continue, it was important to take growth patterns to the bottom of the pyramid empowering the poor and the disadvantaged. Ms. Patil laid stress on an environment of security for the optimal attainment of growth, referring to Home Ministry’s moves towards a new security architecture. The President said that the government was committed to maintaining high vigil and taking appropriate measures to address internal security challenges. The President linked the challenge of climate change to India’s civilizational respect for nature and called for Indians to become ‘sensitive inhabitants of the planet’. The President called for urgent steps towards a second green revolution to ensure food availability, particularly of agricultural produce. Ms. Patil advocated more intense frameworks encompassing new technologies, better seeds, improved farming practices and better water management techniques for closing the gap among the farmers, the scientific community, lending institutions and the markets. She said that higher agricultural incomes would improve the living standards of over 145 million rural households which in turn will generate demand and provide the impetus for growth in other sectors. News in a Nutshell INTACH, Mongolia Sign MoU Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage (INTACH) Chairman S. K. Misra and Mongolia’s Culture and Science Education Minister Yo Otgonbayar signed a memorandum of understanding in New Delhi on January 11, 2010 for cooperation in protection, preservation, proP. Darpan motion and management of cultural heritage PD/March/2010/1555 â€Å"He who knows only his own side of the case, knows little of that. † Panel Formed to Push Nepal Peace Process After prolonged stalemate, the major political parties of Nepal on January 8, 2010 decided to form a high level ‘mechanism’—a three member panel. It would focus on speeding up the peace process and writing the new Constitution of Nepal. The panel is headed by Nepali Congress President Girija Prasad Koirala Maoist Chairman Pushpa Kamal Dahal ‘Prachanda’, and CPN-UML Chairman Jhalanath Khanal are the current members. Mr. Prachanda said that the group would work on â€Å"ending of the peace process logically, writing of the Constitution in the stipulated time (May 2010) and to end the present political stalemate†. The differences between his party and the major ruling parties—the Nepali Congress and the CPN-UML— had been growing as the three could not forge a consensus on the issue of restoring ‘civilian supremacy’ by rectifying President Ram Baran Yadav’s move in May by which he had reinstated the military chief sacked by the then Prime Minister Mr. Prachanda. With the formation of the mechanism, Mr. Jhalanath Khanal hoped that the mistrust among the parties would be removed. It may be recalled that with the deposition of the former Nepalese Monarch, Nepal had been declared a federal democratic republic and the need arose for a new republican Constitution. The Parliament had fixed May 2010 as the deadline for writing the new Constitution for Nepal. 17th January vote, the first time the right has wrested power from the centre left since General Augusto Pinochet’s 1973-90 dictatorship ended, signalling that Chile was moving on from the former strong man’s bloody legacy. Chile is bounded in the north by Peru, east by Bolivia and Argentina, and south and west by the Pacific Ocean. The area is 756,096 sq km (291,928 sq mile) excluding the claimed Antarctic territory. Many islands to the west and south belong to Chile : the Islas Jaun Fernandez (147 sq km with 488 inhabitants in 1992) lie about 600 km west of Valparaiso, and the volcanic Isla de Pascua (Easter Island or Rapa Nui, 164 sq km with 2,764 inhabitants in 1992), lies about 3,000 km westnorth-west of Valparaiso. Small uninhabited dependencies include Sala y Gomez (400 km east of Easter Is), San Felix and San Ambrosio (1,000 km north-west of Valparaiso, and 20 km apart and Islas Diego Ramierz (100 km south-west of Cape Horn). New Presidential Election in Chile : Left Makes Way for Right Leftist winds in Latin America were stopped when Chile voted to power a person with rightist leanings. Billionaire Sebastian Pinera was elected Chile’s President on January 17, 2010 in a political shift to the right after 20 years of leftist rule. Mr. Pinera said that he would try to build on policies that made the economy of Latin America most stable. Celebrating Victory : Sebastian Pinera In 1940 Chile declared and in each subsequent year has reaffirmed, its ownership of the sector of the Antarctic lying between 53 ° and 90 ° W. ong. , and asserted that the British claim to the sector between the meridians 20 ° and 80 ° W. long. overlapped the Chilean by 27 °. Seven Chilean bases exist in Antarctica. A law of 1955 put the governor of Magallanes in charge of the ‘Chilean Antarctic Territory which has an area of 1,250,000 sq km and a population (1992) of 1, 945. The population at the census of April 2002 was 15,116,435 (7,668,740 females); density, 20 per sq km 86 ·2% of the population lived in urban areas in 2002. The UN gives a projected population for 2010 of 17 ·11 m. Mr. Pinera won and his wife Cecilia Morel in Santiago almost 52 per cent of on January 18. Mr. Pinera’s victory over ex-President Eduardo Frei of the ruling leftist coalition marks a shift to the right in South America, a region dominated by leftist rules from Venezuela to Brazil. The Harvard-educated airline magnate takes office in March, 2010. Mr. Pinera (60) has vowed to give Chile’s state a businesslike overhaul to boost efficiency, promising to create a million jobs and boost economic growth to average 6 per cent a year. The economy shrank in 2009, its first recession in a decade. PD/March/2010/1556 â€Å"I have often regretted my speech, never my silence. † According to critics, Mr. Pinera’s plan depends too heavily on the private sector generating jobs and banks on a steady global recovery maintaining copper demand. It may be mentioned that Chile is one of the largest producers of copper. Given his ideological leanings Mr. Pinera could push reforms through a divided congress and has promised to form a national unity government. â€Å"The problems we face in the future are great, the obstacles we face are very challenging and we need unity now more than ever,† said Mr. Pinera on January 17, after his being elected President. â€Å"We will form a government of national unity which will build bridges of understanding and punch down walls of division† he added. with Russians as their last hope for justice. Russian applications account for almost a third of more than 1,20,000 cases pending in the court. It has passed hundreds of rulings against the Russian government, finding officials guilty of corruption, torture and other misconduct. SAARC International University takes Shape in Delhi In a bid to reverse brain drain, provide an academic opportunity in the sub-continent and to promote a sense of South Asian Community, a plan first mooted in 2005 is finally and quickly taking shape in the form of the first truly international university being set up by the eight nations of the SAARC (South Asian Association of Regional Cooperation). Comment It is interesting to note that while a host of Latin American countries are shifting towards the left, Chile heralds itself as a new centrist rightist, which has become clear with the election of the rightist Mr. Pinera. Venezuela, Equador, Bolivia, Argentina in South America are explicitly moving to the left, the communist ideology, with new friendships made by these countries with Russia and the communist China. Chile too for long 20 years remained practically under leftist rule and enjoyed good bonhomie with the leftist countries referred to above. With the ascension of a rightist government to power, how its foreign policy will take shape will be a subject of interest in the near future. Will it incline towards the capitalist west or the communist east particularly Russia and China ? SAARC nations have come up with a unique education idea. The eight SAARC nations are : India, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Maldives and Afghanistan. Key Features Tax-free dollar salaries for an international faculty, a variety of multi-disciplinary courses focussed on research, a multi-national exam for admission, an academic environment free of commissions, and a think tank to ponder over the shared problems of the sub-condinent—these will be the key features of the South Asian University (SAU) being set up by the SAARC nations. The university, headed by former JNU ViceChancellor Prof. G. K. Chada, who is fortunate to have been once a student of Prime Minister Manmohan Singh, will start operating between August 2010 and January 2011, offering post graduate courses in economics, computer applications and biotechnology. The faculty will be recruited largely from SAARC countries, but the SAU has kept options of looking beyond open. Prof. Rajiv Saxena OSD, Academics and Planning SAU told the Press : â€Å"We hope to start the MCA and M. A. Economics Courses in August itself, followed by M. Sc. Biotechnology in the next semester. We will start the first two courses with some 10-15 teachers, but will expand the faculty to 500 members by 2014. † Keen to ensure the best join, sub-continent partner nations are ready to pay the faculty nearly double what they normally get in India, in dollars tax free. Rules and regulations presently under discussion are likely to get a go-ahead in a key meeting of SAARC representatives in March 2010, paving the way for admissions and faculty selections. Curricula for the M. A. Economics, MCA and M. Sc. Biotechnology courses are ready. The SAU will take in some 50 students for the first semester, the strength will increase as courses in the humanities and sciences, and the proposed law, medicine, management and engineering begin, said the OSD official of the SAU. Russia Ratifies European Rights Convention Russia has lifted its opposition to a long–delayed reform of the European Court of Human Rights in a major gesture towards the west and a step to improve the Russian legal system. The Russian Parliament’s Lower House, State Duma, on January 15 overwhelmingly ratified Protocol 14 of the European Human Rights Convention which will allow the Court to process submitted cases more efficiently and help eliminate a massive backlog of cases in the Court. Russian legislators said that they endorsed the protocol after the Council of Europe agreed to address their complaints, including a demand that Russian judges be involved in reviewing complaints against Russia. Sign of Warming Relations But the vote of January 15 is also a sign of warming relations between Russia and Europe that soured after the 2008 war between Russia and Georgia. The vote came after President Dmitry Medvedev asked the Russian Parliament to take a fresh look at ratifying the protocol. Russia was the only country in the 47-member Council of Europe that had refused to endorse the reform of Strasbourg Court for the past three years. The ratification of the protocol is in line with Mr. Medvedev’s efforts to improve the Russian legal system. The Strasbourg Court has become increasingly popular PD/March/2010/1557 The only weapon that becomes sharper with constant use is the tongue. † Common Admission Test A common admission test will be given to applicants in all eight SAARC nations. To ensure a fair representation, no more than 50 per cent of students will be from India. Every SAARC country will have at least 4 per cent of students at the SAU. The proposed university will also set up a thin k tank, the Institute of South Asian Studies (ISAS), to discuss and research key regional issues and shared regional problems such as disaster management, water-sharing, cross-border epidemics, climate change and preservation of cultural heritage. Prof. Chada, the CEO, is being assisted by two OSDs and four task forces—On Academics, Governance and Legal Structure, Business Plan and Infrastructure. The persons on the task forces include experts like Prof. Rehman from Dhaka’s University of Liberal Arts, Syed Imtiaz Hussain Gilani, V. C. NWFP University of Engineering Technology, Peshawar, Dr. Yubraj Sangroula, Founder Director, Kathmandu School of Law, Prof. SBS Abayakoon, Dean, Faculty of Engineering and Member UGC, Sri Lanka, Prof. AGK Menon, Advisor, Delhi Urban Arts Commission, and Prof. Pema Thinley, V. C. Royal University of Bhutan. At present, the SAU is operating out of the old JNU Campus. It w